Ascending Order Numbers Formation

CAT 2019 Slot 1 · Quantitative Ability · Hard · Number Theory

This is a hard Quantitative Ability question from the CAT 2019 Slot 1 paper. It tests Number Theory. The full answer key and a step-by-step explanation are below — try it yourself first, then reveal the solution.

How many numbers with two or more digits can be formed with the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 so that in every such number, each digit is used at most once and the digits appear in the ascending order?

Answer

502

Explanation

To form a number with distinct digits in ascending order from the 9 non-zero digits, any subset of kk digits uniquely forms 1 such number. Total subsets of size kk from 9 digits = (9k)\binom{9}{k}. Total possible non-empty subsets = 291=5112^9 - 1 = 511. Subsets of size 0: 1 (empty set) Subsets of size 1: (91)=9\binom{9}{1} = 9. Subsets of size 2\ge 2: 5119=502511 - 9 = 502.

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