Ascending Order Numbers Formation

CAT 2019 Slot 1 · QA · Hard · Number Theory

How many numbers with two or more digits can be formed with the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 so that in every such number, each digit is used at most once and the digits appear in the ascending order?

Answer

502

Explanation

To form a number with distinct digits in ascending order from the 9 non-zero digits, any subset of kk digits uniquely forms 1 such number. Total subsets of size kk from 9 digits = (9k)\binom{9}{k}. Total possible non-empty subsets = 291=5112^9 - 1 = 511. Subsets of size 0: 1 (empty set) Subsets of size 1: (91)=9\binom{9}{1} = 9. Subsets of size 2\ge 2: 5119=502511 - 9 = 502.

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