Quadratic roots condition and AM-GM minimization

CAT 2023 Slot 2 · QA · Medium · Algebra

Let kk be the largest integer such that the equation (x1)2+2kx+11=0(x - 1)^2 + 2kx + 11 = 0 has no real roots. If yy is a positive real number, then the least possible value of k4y+9y\frac{k}{4y} + 9y is

Answer

6

Explanation

Expanding the equation: x22x+1+2kx+11=0    x2+2(k1)x+12=0x^2 - 2x + 1 + 2kx + 11 = 0 \implies x^2 + 2(k-1)x + 12 = 0

For this equation to have no real roots, its discriminant D<0D < 0: 4(k1)248<0    (k1)2<124(k-1)^2 - 48 < 0 \implies (k-1)^2 < 12

Since 123.46\sqrt{12} \approx 3.46, we have: 3.46<k1<3.46    2.46<k<4.46-3.46 < k - 1 < 3.46 \implies -2.46 < k < 4.46

The largest integer kk satisfying this inequality is k=4k = 4.

Now, for y>0y > 0, we minimize 44y+9y=1y+9y\frac{4}{4y} + 9y = \frac{1}{y} + 9y.

By AM-GM inequality: 1y+9y21y9y=2×3=6\frac{1}{y} + 9y \ge 2 \sqrt{\frac{1}{y} \cdot 9y} = 2 \times 3 = 6

Thus, the least possible value is 66.

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