Inference on Fundamental Laws of Physics

XAT 2023 · VALR · Easy · Critical Reasoning

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Read the following paragraph and answer the question that follows.

The fundamental laws that govern the smallest constituents of matter and energy, when applied to the Universe over long enough cosmic timescales, can explain everything that will ever emerge. This means that the formation of literally everything in our Universe, from atomic nuclei to atoms to simple molecules to complex molecules to life to intelligence to consciousness and beyond, can all be understood as something that emerges directly from the fundamental laws underpinning reality, with no additional laws and forces.

Which of the following can be BEST inferred from the paragraph above?

  1. A.

    Everything in the Universe fundamentally occurs randomly.

  2. B.

    Fundamental laws undergo a change from atom to the Universe.

  3. C.

    Fundamental laws operating in the Universe and in an atom are the same.

  4. D.

    All phenomena in the Universe are fundamentally dependent on long cosmic timescales.

  5. E.

    All phenomena in the Universe fundamentally occur spontaneously

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