Product bound from sum of squares

CAT 2018 Slot 2 · Quantitative Ability · Easy · Algebra

This is an easy Quantitative Ability question from the CAT 2018 Slot 2 paper. It tests Algebra. The full answer key and a step-by-step explanation are below — try it yourself first, then reveal the solution.

If the sum of squares of two numbers is 97, then which one of the following cannot be their product?

  1. A.

    64

  2. B.

    -32

  3. C.

    16

  4. D.

    48

Answer

A

Explanation

Let the two numbers be aa and bb. Given a2+b2=97a^2 + b^2 = 97.

We know that (ab)20    a2+b22ab(a - b)^2 \ge 0 \implies a^2 + b^2 \ge 2ab. 972ab    ab48.597 \ge 2ab \implies ab \le 48.5

Also (a+b)20    a2+b22ab(a + b)^2 \ge 0 \implies a^2 + b^2 \ge -2ab. 972ab    ab48.597 \ge -2ab \implies ab \ge -48.5

Thus, 48.5ab48.5-48.5 \le ab \le 48.5. Among the options, 64 is greater than 48.5 and hence cannot be their product.

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