Distinct Digits Order Permutation

CAT 2020 Slot 2 · QA · Hard · Modern Math

How many 4-digit numbers, each greater than 1000 and each having all four digits distinct, are there with 7 coming before 3?

Answer

315

Explanation

We need to form 4-digit numbers with distinct digits from {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}\{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9\} such that 7 appears to the left of 3.

Case 1: Both 7 and 3 are present in the 4-digit number. First, select 2 additional digits from the remaining 8 digits (excluding 7 and 3): (82)=28\binom{8}{2} = 28 ways. Now we have 4 digits: 7, 3, and two others. Number of arrangements of 4 distinct digits such that 7 comes before 3 is 4!2=12\frac{4!}{2} = 12. Total permutations without zero condition = 28×12=33628 \times 12 = 336. Now subtract cases where 0 is at the thousand's place: If 0 is at thousands place, we select 1 more digit from remaining 7 digits: (71)=7\binom{7}{1} = 7 ways. The remaining 3 places are filled by 7, 3, and the selected digit. Arrangements with 7 before 3 in the 3 remaining positions =3!2=3= \frac{3!}{2} = 3. Invalid numbers starting with 0 =7×3=21= 7 \times 3 = 21. Valid numbers in Case 1 =33621=315= 336 - 21 = 315.

Since 7 coming before 3 requires both 7 and 3 to be present, there are no other cases. Total count = 315.

Practise this under exam conditions

Sign in to solve it with a live timer, the on-screen CAT calculator, and streak and accuracy tracking across every question you attempt.

Solve in the workspace