Positive integers in AP product condition

CAT 2021 Slot 2 · Quantitative Ability · Medium · Inequalities

Three positive integers xx, yy and zz are in arithmetic progression. If y−x>2y - x > 2 and xyz=5(x+y+z)xyz = 5(x + y + z), then z−xz - x equals

  1. A.

    8

  2. B.

    10

  3. C.

    14

  4. D.

    12

Answer

C

Explanation

Let x=y−dx = y - d, z=y+dz = y + d, where d>2d > 2 is the common difference. Then z−x=2dz - x = 2d.

Sum x+y+z=3yx + y + z = 3y. xyz=(y−d)y(y+d)=y(y2−d2)xyz = (y - d) y (y + d) = y(y^2 - d^2).

Given equation: y(y2−d2)=5(3y)=15yy(y^2 - d^2) = 5(3y) = 15y Since y>0y > 0, divide by yy: y2−d2=15  ⟹  (y−d)(y+d)=15y^2 - d^2 = 15 \implies (y - d)(y + d) = 15

Since x=y−dx = y - d and z=y+dz = y + d are positive integers and d>2d > 2: Factors of 15 are (1,15)(1, 15) and (3,5)(3, 5).

Case 1: y−d=1y - d = 1 and y+d=15y + d = 15 Adding gives 2y=16  ⟹  y=82y = 16 \implies y = 8, so d=7d = 7. Check d>2d > 2: 7>27 > 2 holds. Here z−x=2d=14z - x = 2d = 14.

Case 2: y−d=3y - d = 3 and y+d=5y + d = 5 Adding gives 2y=8  ⟹  y=42y = 8 \implies y = 4, so d=1d = 1. Check d>2d > 2: 1>21 > 2 fails.

Thus z−x=14z - x = 14.

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