Arithmetic Mean of Permutations

CAT 2022 Slot 3 · Quantitative Ability · Easy · Permutations and Combinations

This is an easy Quantitative Ability question from the CAT 2022 Slot 3 paper. It tests Permutations and Combinations. The full answer key and a step-by-step explanation are below — try it yourself first, then reveal the solution.

The arithmetic mean of all the distinct numbers that can be obtained by rearranging the digits in 1421, including itself, is

  1. A.

    2442

  2. B.

    2222

  3. C.

    3333

  4. D.

    2592

Answer

B

Explanation

The digits are 1, 4, 2, 1. The sum of digits is 1+4+2+1=81 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 8. Since each digit occupies each position with equal symmetry in all permutations, the average value of each digit position (thousands, hundreds, tens, units) is the average of the digits: Average digit value=1+4+2+14=2\text{Average digit value} = \frac{1 + 4 + 2 + 1}{4} = 2

Since the average digit at every place is 2, the arithmetic mean of all permutations is: 22222222

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