Finding largest number from modified mean conditions

CAT 2024 Slot 3 · Quantitative Ability · Medium · Arithmetic

The average of three distinct real numbers is 28. If the smallest number is increased by 7 and the largest number is reduced by 10, the order of the numbers remains unchanged, and the new arithmetic mean becomes 2 more than the middle number, while the difference between the largest and the smallest numbers becomes 64. Then, the largest number in the original set of three numbers is

Answer

70

Explanation

Let original numbers be a<b<ca < b < c. Average =28  ⟹  a+b+c=84= 28 \implies a + b + c = 84.

New numbers: a′=a+7a' = a + 7, b′=bb' = b, c′=c−10c' = c - 10. Sum of new numbers =84+7−10=81= 84 + 7 - 10 = 81. New mean =813=27= \frac{81}{3} = 27.

Given new mean is 2 more than middle number bb: 27=b+2  ⟹  b=2527 = b + 2 \implies b = 25

New difference c′−a′=64c' - a' = 64: (c−10)−(a+7)=64  ⟹  c−a=81(c - 10) - (a + 7) = 64 \implies c - a = 81

Since b=25b = 25, a+c=84−25=59a + c = 84 - 25 = 59.

Solving c−a=81c - a = 81 and c+a=59c + a = 59: 2c=140  ⟹  c=702c = 140 \implies c = 70 a=−11a = -11

Original largest number c=70c = 70.

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