Recursive sequence properties

CAT 2007 Slot 1 · QA · Hard · Sequences and Series

Passage / data set

Let a1=pa_1 = p and b1=qb_1 = q, where pp and qq are positive quantities. Define an=pbn1a_n = p b_{n-1}, bn=qbn1b_n = q b_{n-1}, for even n>1n > 1, and an=pan1a_n = p a_{n-1}, bn=qan1b_n = q a_{n-1}, for odd n>1n > 1.

Question 1 of 2

Which of the following best describes an+bna_n + b_n for even 'nn'?

  1. A.

    q(pq)^{\frac{n-1}{2}}(p + q)

  2. B.

    qp p^{\frac{n-1}{2}}(p + q)

  3. C.

    q^2(pq)^{\frac{1}{n}}(p + q)

  4. D.

    q^{\frac{1}{n}} (pq)^{\frac{1}{2n}} (p + q)

  5. E.

    q(pq)^{\frac{n-1}{2}} (p + q)^{\frac{1}{2n}}

Answer

A

Explanation

Calculating initial terms: a1=p,b1=qa_1 = p, b_1 = q. a2=pq,b2=q2a_2 = pq, b_2 = q^2. a3=p2q,b3=pq2a_3 = p^2q, b_3 = pq^2. a4=p2q2,b4=pq3a_4 = p^2q^2, b_4 = pq^3. For even nn: an+bn=pn/2qn/2+p(n2)/2qn/2=q(pq)n12(p+q)a_n + b_n = p^{n/2}q^{n/2} + p^{(n-2)/2}q^{n/2} = q(pq)^{\frac{n-1}{2}}(p + q).

Question 2 of 2

If p=13p = \frac{1}{3} and q=23q = \frac{2}{3}, then what is the smallest odd 'nn' such that an+bn<0.01a_n + b_n < 0.01?

  1. A.

    7

  2. B.

    13

  3. C.

    11

  4. D.

    9

  5. E.

    15

Answer

D

Explanation

For odd nn: an+bn=(p+q)(pq)n12=1(29)n12a_n + b_n = (p+q)(pq)^{\frac{n-1}{2}} = 1 \cdot \left(\frac{2}{9}\right)^{\frac{n-1}{2}}. We want (29)n12<0.01\left(\frac{2}{9}\right)^{\frac{n-1}{2}} < 0.01. For n=9n = 9, n12=4    (2/9)4=1665610.0024<0.01\frac{n-1}{2} = 4 \implies (2/9)^4 = \frac{16}{6561} \approx 0.0024 < 0.01. Smallest odd nn is 9.

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