Sum of terms in a sequence

CAT 2019 Slot 2 · QA · Hard · Sequence & series

Let a1,a2,a_1, a_2, \dots be integers such that a1a2+a3a4++(1)n1an=na_1 - a_2 + a_3 - a_4 + \dots + (-1)^{n-1} a_n = n, for n1n \ge 1. Then a51+a52++a1023a_{51} + a_{52} + \dots + a_{1023} equals

  1. A.

    1-1

  2. B.

    1

  3. C.

    0

  4. D.

    10

Answer

B

Explanation

Let Sn=a1a2+a3+(1)n1an=nS_n = a_1 - a_2 + a_3 - \dots + (-1)^{n-1} a_n = n.

For n=1n=1: a1=1a_1 = 1. For n=2n=2: a1a2=2    1a2=2    a2=1a_1 - a_2 = 2 \implies 1 - a_2 = 2 \implies a_2 = -1. For n=3n=3: a1a2+a3=3    2+a3=3    a3=1a_1 - a_2 + a_3 = 3 \implies 2 + a_3 = 3 \implies a_3 = 1. For n=4n=4: a1a2+a3a4=4    3a4=4    a4=1a_1 - a_2 + a_3 - a_4 = 4 \implies 3 - a_4 = 4 \implies a_4 = -1.

Thus, an=1a_n = 1 when nn is odd, and an=1a_n = -1 when nn is even.

We need to find a51+a52++a1023a_{51} + a_{52} + \dots + a_{1023}. The total number of terms is 102351+1=9731023 - 51 + 1 = 973. The terms alternate: 1,1,1,1,,11, -1, 1, -1, \dots, 1. Since there are 487 pairs of (1,1)(1, -1) which sum to 00, and one additional term a1023=1a_{1023} = 1, the total sum is 11.

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