Range of rational function

CAT 2021 Slot 2 · QA · Medium · Functions

For all real values of xx, the range of the function f(x)=x2+2x+42x2+4x+9f(x) = \frac{x^2 + 2x + 4}{2x^2 + 4x + 9} is

  1. A.

    [37,89)[\frac{3}{7}, \frac{8}{9})

  2. B.

    [49,89][\frac{4}{9}, \frac{8}{9}]

  3. C.

    [37,12)[\frac{3}{7}, \frac{1}{2})

  4. D.

    (37,12)(\frac{3}{7}, \frac{1}{2})

Answer

C

Explanation

Let y=x2+2x+42x2+4x+9y = \frac{x^2 + 2x + 4}{2x^2 + 4x + 9}. Rewrite as: y(2x2+4x+9)=x2+2x+4y(2x^2 + 4x + 9) = x^2 + 2x + 4 (2y1)x2+(4y2)x+(9y4)=0(2y - 1)x^2 + (4y - 2)x + (9y - 4) = 0

Since xx is real, the discriminant D0D \ge 0: D=(4y2)24(2y1)(9y4)0D = (4y - 2)^2 - 4(2y - 1)(9y - 4) \ge 0 4(2y1)24(2y1)(9y4)04(2y - 1)^2 - 4(2y - 1)(9y - 4) \ge 0 4(2y1)[(2y1)(9y4)]04(2y - 1)[(2y - 1) - (9y - 4)] \ge 0 4(2y1)(37y)04(2y - 1)(3 - 7y) \ge 0 (2y1)(7y3)0(2y - 1)(7y - 3) \le 0

This gives y[37,12]y \in [\frac{3}{7}, \frac{1}{2}].

However, check if y=12y = \frac{1}{2} can be attained: If y=12y = \frac{1}{2}, the coefficient of x2x^2 is 2(12)1=02(\frac{1}{2}) - 1 = 0, giving 0x2+0x+12=00x^2 + 0x + \frac{1}{2} = 0, which has no real solution. Hence y=12y = \frac{1}{2} is an asymptote and cannot be reached.

Range = [37,12)[\frac{3}{7}, \frac{1}{2}).

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